Stimuli, reinforcers, and private events
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Conditional reinforcers and informative stimuli in a constant environment.
Five pigeons responded on steady-state concurrent variable-interval variable-interval schedules of food presentation in which half of the foods were removed and replaced with nonfood stimuli. Across conditions, the stimuli were either paired or unpaired with food, and the correlation between the ratio of food deliveries on the two alternatives and the ratio of nonfood stimuli was either -1, 0, ...
متن کاملNormalized demand for drugs and other reinforcers.
The concepts of behavioral economics have proven to be useful for understanding the environmental control of overall levels of responding for a variety of commodities, including reinforcement by drug self-administration. These general concepts have implications for the assessment of abuse liability and drug abuse intervention and the formulation of public policy on drug abuse. An essential requ...
متن کاملPigeons' discounting of probabilistic and delayed reinforcers.
Pigeons' discounting of probabilistic and delayed food reinforcers was studied using adjusting-amount procedures. In the probability discounting conditions, pigeons chose between an adjusting number of food pellets contingent on a single key peck and a larger, fixed number of pellets contingent on completion of a variable-ratio schedule. In the delay discounting conditions, pigeons chose betwee...
متن کاملBombs and Missiles: Reinforcers for the Few
The current arms race between the U.S. and the Soviet Union is examined from an applied behavioral perspective. After identifying those behaviors that define the "arms race" two variables are examined that are plausibly related to chang~s in those behaviors, money and the so-called threat from the Soviet Union. An examination of a variety of published sources suggests that (a) weapons producers...
متن کاملEmotions as States Elicited by Instrumental Reinforcers
An approach to emotion is described in which emotions are defined as states elicited by instrumental reinforcers, that is, by stimuli that are the goals for action. This leads to a theory of the evolutionary adaptive value of emotions, which is that different genes specify different goals in their own self-interest, and any actions can then be learned and performed by instrumental learning to o...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: The Behavior Analyst
سال: 2008
ISSN: 0738-6729,2196-8918
DOI: 10.1007/bf03392165